Mashable: Latest 10 News Updates - including “Judge Approves iPhone Class Action Suit Against Apple, AT&T” |  |
- Judge Approves iPhone Class Action Suit Against Apple, AT&T
- Google App Inventor: Now Anyone Can Create an Android App
- BROKEN: No One Could “Like” Anything on Facebook
- Apple’s New Campaign: 4 Ads About iPhone 4 Video Calls [VIDEOS]
- Facebook Will Add a “Panic Button” for UK Teens
- 5 Handy YouTube Channels for DIY and Home Improvement
- Mashable #Summermash Seattle Recap [PHOTOS]
- Google Maps Gets a (Much-Needed) URL Shortener
- HOW TO: Optimize Your Site for Search Engine Marketing
- 19 Essential Social Media Resources You May Have Missed
- 50+ iPad Resources You Might Have Missed
| Judge Approves iPhone Class Action Suit Against Apple, AT&T Posted: 12 Jul 2010 02:13 AM PDT      A federal judge granted a monopoly lawsuit against Apple and AT&T class action status. The lawsuit consolidates several lawsuits from late 2007 and 2008 and claims that, since AT&T was Apple’s exclusive iPhone partner in the U.S. for five years, Apple had locked consumers who had signed a two-year contract into a five-year contract with AT&T. The lawsuit also complains that Apple drove prices up and hurt competition by controlling which apps the device owners can install. However, judge James Ware of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California dismissed claims that Apple broke laws when an update to the iPhone’s OS caused problems with some iPhones and deleted programs users had purchased. The suit seeks damages to cover legal fees and other costs, as well as an injunction to keep Apple from selling locked iPhones in the U.S., as well as regulating which apps users can install. This is more bad news for Apple and AT&T which have recently been slapped with a class action lawsuit over the antenna reception issues in iPhone 4. [img credit: KLH49, iStockphoto] Reviews: iStockphoto More About: apple, att, iphone For more Apple coverage:
|
| Google App Inventor: Now Anyone Can Create an Android App Posted: 11 Jul 2010 10:26 PM PDT   Google is launching a new tool on Monday that lets anyone create an app for Android phones. Google App Inventor claims to enable non-coders to develop complete, working Android apps by connecting a series of “blocks”. Google has been testing App Inventor in schools for a year, reports the NYTimes. At the time of writing, App Inventor is only available to those who apply via a form. The concept is a smart one: Not only is the Android Market an open platform for developers (with no approval process, ala the App Store), but now we’ll likely see a vast array of specialized apps built by non-developers. This could radically increase the volume of apps in the Market versus the App Store. The expansion may of course come at the cost of quality: We’ll see thousands of new Android apps, but will they be of a “cookie cutter” nature, offering very little value? There is, however, an upside in the long-term: If App Inventor is so simple that schoolchildren can make apps, some those same children will soon become coders themselves … and perhaps choose to develop Android apps rather than iPhone. Google and Apple are currently in a heated battle to win the hearts and minds of developers. Google, it seems, wants to win over the non-developers too. What do you think? Is App Inventor a winning play on Google’s part? Reviews: Android, Android Market, App Store, Google, iPhone More About: android, Google, google app inventor For more Mobile coverage:
|
| BROKEN: No One Could “Like” Anything on Facebook Posted: 11 Jul 2010 08:28 PM PDT   For about an hour, Facebook’s Like feature wasn’t working at all, either on-site or off. Many websites depend on likes for incoming traffic, so outages like that can cause big problems for a lot of people. Facebook moved very quickly to correct the problem. When the error occurred, anyone who liked something using the “Like” button on a website didn’t see it register on his or her Facebook profile, and they couldn’t even like status updates in their news feeds. Attempts to like news feed updates, photos or other Facebook-hosted content were met with the above database connection error. An outage like this happened about a month ago, but it was a different error. Facebook didn’t release a statement about the problem tonight; it just fixed it in just under an hour. In the meantime, people were bugging out about it in their Twitter and Facebook updates. We grabbed the below image from a Twitter search for “Facebook can’t like.” Did you notice the outage? Were you satisfied with the speed of Facebook’s response? Let us know in the comments. [Thanks Matt]  Reviews: Facebook, Twitter, tweetzi Twitter Search More About: database, error, facebook, facebook open graph, like, Open Graph, social media, social networking, twitter For more Social Media coverage:
|
| Apple’s New Campaign: 4 Ads About iPhone 4 Video Calls [VIDEOS] Posted: 11 Jul 2010 08:02 PM PDT   Apple just released four new TV spots, all of them advertising the FaceTime video calling feature of the iPhone 4. The ads go for the emotional jugular, depicting loving interactions that just wouldn’t be the same with an old-fashioned voice call. They’re not quite as impactful as the Sam Mendes-directed commercial that accompanied the unveiling of the feature a month ago, but a couple of them are quite moving — especially “Meet Her.” Apple has a long history of producing brilliant ad campaigns, going all the way back to the famous 1984-inspired commercial for the Macintosh more than 25 years ago, and including the recently expired “Get a Mac” series with Justin Long and John Hodgman. Ads don’t actually speak to the quality of product, but they certainly affect the volume of sales. These ads obviously don’t mention that you need to be connected to Wi-Fi to make a FaceTime call, and it’s only loosely implied that both parties have to have an iPhone 4 — two big barriers preventing FaceTime from being what it could be. Nevertheless, the ads are emotional proofs of concept for a future that will eventually be real for many millions, whether that future is brought about by the iPhone 4 or not. Watch all four ads below and let us know what you think. Meet HerSmileBig NewsHaircutMore About: ads, advertising, apple, commercials, facetime, iphone, iphone 4, tv, video, video calls For more Apple coverage:
|
| Facebook Will Add a “Panic Button” for UK Teens Posted: 11 Jul 2010 07:17 PM PDT   Facebook will help UK teens fight cyber abuse and bullying by deploying a panic button on its sites. Teens will be encouraged to click it when suspicious that they’re being targeted for abuse. The button will actually connect the teens with resources hosted by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP), an organization run in part by the UK government. Teens will be given advice and resources on dealing with potential threats on the Internet, and they may also report users who they believe are acting inappropriately toward them. The tool will be advertised on the home pages of teenage Facebook users. Why the Change?A UK official joined the mother of murdered teenager Ashleigh Hall in a call for the deployment of the button on Facebook. The tool is already present on other sites, including Bebo. Facebook resisted joining them at first, claiming that it already offers reporting tools, but the BBC says that Facebook finally agreed to do it after 44 police chiefs signed a petition. Advocates argue that integration with the well-established CEOP organization will help authorities take legal or police action more swiftly and accurately. The button will be part of a larger application run by CEOP. We don’t have all the details yet, but we do know that there will also be a landing page with basic safety information for teenagers. Facebook already launched something similar on its own with the revamped Safety Center two months ago. Potential ProblemsFacebook rep Sophy Silver was quoted by the BBC saying that the reporting tool will act as a “viral awareness campaign” by informing your friends when something’s up too. While we’re all for tools that help protect teenagers from sharing Ashleigh Hall’s fate, we’re concerned about the potential abuses of this tool. People will inevitably make errors when using it, and some might even abuse it as a means of harassment or humiliation against peers. Here’s to hoping that there will be strong protections against that kind of abuse in the final product. Do you have any ideas about how Facebook and CEOP could make a system that protects teens but that isn’t ripe for abuse? Image courtesy of iStockphoto, robeo Reviews: Facebook, Internet, iStockphoto More About: App, ceop, child exploitation and online protection center, facebook, facebook application, panic button, parenting, Predators, social media, social networking, uk For more Social Media coverage:
|
| 5 Handy YouTube Channels for DIY and Home Improvement Posted: 11 Jul 2010 05:53 PM PDT   The easiest way to learn how to do something practical is to first see it done properly by someone else. By breaking it down into easy-to-follow steps, these how-to videos offer an absolute wealth of knowledge that is just a few clicks away. We’ve searched YouTube for the very best home improvement instructional video channels where experts and enthusiastic amateurs share their skills for free. So the next time you have a DIY job to do, whether it’s fixing a leaky faucet or a more ambitious project, check out our choice of top five channels where, no doubt, there’s a handy video by someone who’s been there, done that, and can help you avoid throwing the wrench against the wall in frustration. 1. VideoJugVideoJug is one of the big boys in the online instructional video world, and specializes in helping people do a huge range of things, with separate channels for Food & Drink and Beauty & Style. As far as help around the house goes, the site offers a small selection from its hundreds of do-it-yourself videos on YouTube, mostly covering topics the average home-owner would be happy to tackle without paid help from a workman, such as how to bleed a radiator. And if that’s not enough, more videos can be found at its main site. While some of them are sponsored, the advertising is not intrusive and the videos are short and sweet, offering clear and concise advice on various how-to topics. 2. Ron HazeltonRon Hazelton will show you how to paint evenly, apply wallpaper, wash windows and strip paint at the easy end of the DIY ladder, and he’ll show you how to drill a shank hole on the more advanced end. His tool-side manner is great; he’s like a friendly neighbor giving you a one-to-one lesson. Hazelton sometimes offers up different methods to the viewer for them to then decide which will suit them, as shown in the video above. His instructions are clear and easy-to-follow, and he manages to make jobs look easy, thus removing the fear-factor from any home repair chore that’s weighing on your shoulders. 3. AskTheBuilder.comTim Carter is the energetic, fast-talking host of the AskTheBuilder video tutorials. As well as a ton of specific how-tos, Carter offers advice that DIY novices might find quite useful, such as more general overviews of products and processes. For example, a quick ‘paint brushes 101,’ explaining which to use when, or a look at the kinds of log splitters that are available and the benefits of each. Whether the topic is roof moss, masking tape, or evaluating the quality of 2×4, Carter’s easy manner and knack for simple explanations will keep you watching, and more importantly, hopefully get you DIY-ing. 4. HomeAdditionPlusMark Donovan of HomeAdditionPlus currently offers over 100 YouTube videos with info on various aspects of DIY home improvement and home remodeling. Clean-cut and coherent, Donovan’s straight talking approach is easy viewing, although some of the videos don’t offer a compete walkthrough of every element of a process, so may be more suited to those with some knowledge looking for an overview, rather than anyone new to home improvement who needs his or her hand held through every stage. 5. eHow HomeeHow is another giant for instructional videos and its “Home” channel is chock full of clips offering advice on decor, soft furnishings, troubleshooting problems around the home, and more cleaning tips than you could shake a duster at. Although more technical eHow (and ExpertVillage which comes under the eHow umbrella) videos show up in keyword searches, there does not seem to be an easy channel-based way to browse them on YouTube, which is a real oversight as the content is mostly decent. So do a topic search and look out for “eHow” or “ExpertVillage” as the creator. BONUS: Gardenfork.tvGardenfork covers an eclectic mix of topics from beekeeping to cooking, but it earned its place on this list because of the gardening videos it offers. With an occasional DIY, “how-to” thrown in, the gardening side of things encompasses how to build raised garden beds, make bird houses and grow tomatoes. Host Eric’s laid-back video style, willingness to learn, and enthusiasm are infectious and dog lovers will enjoy the two lovely labs, Henry and Charlie, who are never far from the action. More Social Media Resources from Mashable:
Image courtesy of iStockphoto, microstocker Reviews: YouTube, iStockphoto More About: diy, home improvement, how to, videos, youtube For more Web Video coverage:
|
| Mashable #Summermash Seattle Recap [PHOTOS] Posted: 11 Jul 2010 04:53 PM PDT Mashable hosted the first stop on its U.S. Summer Tour in Seattle last night. The event brought the Seattle community together for networking, an open bar, food and awesome prizes from our sponsors, which included iPads, airplane tickets and much more. We were also joined by Rachel Sklar, who interviewed event attendees and readers participating remotely in our Watchitoo live stream. Below are some of the highlights from the event, thanks to photos from Lisa Bettany and Geoff Carter. To see more pictures of the event, go to our Facebook album or Flickr Set. SummerMash Seattle 2010  Mashable hosted the first stop on our U.S. Summer Tour in Seattle last night at the Hyatt at Olive 8. Open Bar The event included an open bar for attendees. Appetizers SummerMash also included appetizers for attendees to enjoy. Mashable Team CEO Pete Cashmore, COO Adam Hirsch, Co-Editor Ben Parr, Social Media & Tech Reporter Jolie O'Dell, East Coast Events Director Brett Petersel, West Coast Events Director Karen Hartline and Community Manager Vadim Lavrusik were all in attendance. Giveaways Mashable's Adam Hirsch draws a winner for a prize package from Weber Shandwick that included a phone, airline tickets, and more. Other sponsors had their own prizes, such as Intel's netbook prize giveaway. Pete Cashmore and Rachel Sklar We were also joined by Rachel Sklar, who interviewed event attendees and readers participating remotely in our Watchitoo live stream. Here she interviews Mashable CEO and Founder Pete Cashmore. Who's the Real Pete Cashmore? In case attendees weren't able to snag a picture with Pete Cashmore, the Weber Shandwick team setup a real-sized cutout for attendees to take pictures with. Kenji Onozawa, Michelle Broderick, Shauna Causey Kenji Onozawa, Michelle Broderick, Shauna Causey pause to take a picture. Mashable's Jolie O'Dell Social Media & Tech Reporter Jolie O'Dell. Attendees The event included more than 350 attendees. iPad Giveaway Winner The Gotelo team had an iPad giveaway, which was won by a lucky attendee. Watchitoo Team, Pete Cashmore and Rachel Sklar After the live stream finished, the Watchitoo team stops to take a picture with Rachel Sklar and Pete Cashmore. We’re excited for our next stop in San Francisco on Wednesday, July 14. We hope you will join us in person or participate in the live steam with Rachel, and suggest questions for her to ask in interviews with the local social and tech community. We also encourage you to help facilitate some of the discussion on Watchitoo by joining us on camera to help ask attendees questions and answer some social media trivia. We had several participants for our first stop on the tour, including Brian Flaccus, who submitted this great video for the contest. If you're interested, the details are outlined below. You'll also have a chance to win tickets to attend the events through the contest. Summer Tour San FranciscoGrand Hyatt San Francisco 345 Stockton St San Francisco, CA 94108 Wednesday, July 14 San Francisco | Washington D.C. | New York City | Chicago Mashable Watchitoo Summer Tour ContestContest Submission Criteria: Upload a 14-second YouTube video explaining why you should be brought on live to chat with hosts/attendees at the Mashable 2010 Summer Tour.
SummerMash Tweets
Thanks to our Local Sponsors: IDEA is a nationally recognized, full-service digital creative agency serving some of the biggest brands in the world. As trusted partners to our clients, we carefully weave creativity and technology together to help our clients build their brands and connect with their audiences in the digital space.  Bing helps you find the information you need faster, and with fewer clicks, so you can make better decisions. It's different than a typical search engine—it's your “decision engine.” A Special Thanks to Our Tour Sponsors Join Gotelo.com and choose where you want to be found, anytime, in one easy step. It's fast, free, and launching this summer. Gotelo simplifies the way you connect with people you know and businesses you like by directing you to their most current web page.  The Intel® Atom™ Developer Program provides software developers with everything you need to easily develop and sell applications for Intel® Atom™ processor-based products starting with netbooks, and eventually supporting tablets, smartphones, consumer electronics and more. Program features include: Powerful tools—including an SDK, easy deployment and validation, Revenue and marketing opportunities, Developer Catalog to buy and sell application components, Application Labs in addition to a vibrant online community for support.  Weber Shandwick is a leading global public relations agency with offices in 76 countries around the world. The firm's success is built on its deep commitment to client service, our people, creativity, collaboration and harnessing the power of Advocates – engaging stakeholders in new and creative ways to build brands and reputation. Weber Shandwick provides strategy and execution across practices such as consumer marketing, healthcare, technology, public affairs, financial services, corporate and crisis management. Its specialized services include digital/social media, advocacy advertising, market research, and corporate responsibility. In 2010, Weber Shandwick was named Global Agency of the Year by The Holmes Report for the second year in a row; an ‘Agency of the Decade’ by Advertising Age, Large PR Agency of the Year by Bulldog Reporter, and Top Corporate Responsibility Advisory Firm by CR Magazine. The firm has also won numerous ‘best place to work’ awards around the world. A Special Thanks to Our Multi-Streaming Partner Watchitoo is an embeddable, live multi-streaming platform that allows 10+ participants to communicate via a web-cam in real time, while collaborating around a custom designed rich media playlist. A passive audience of thousands can view the show online. Any viewer can be added into a show via a virtual green room, where a moderator can adjust their microphone, have a private one-on-one chat, and vet their overall suitability to participate. Streams can be inserted, removed, re-arranged and re-sized in real time. Watchitoo has a rich feature set that includes Twitter and Facebook integration, chat, questioning, recording, screen-sharing and white-boarding. Thanks to Our Official Ticketing Partner Eventbrite is the world's largest self-service online ticketing site. Eventbrite makes it easy for anyone to sell-out an event. Reviews: Bing, Facebook, Foursquare, Mashable, Twitter, YouTube More About: gallery, mashable, Photos, pics, summer tour seattle, summermash For more Social Media coverage:
|
| Google Maps Gets a (Much-Needed) URL Shortener Posted: 11 Jul 2010 02:58 PM PDT   The web addresses of Google Maps that you shared with your friends used to be unmanageably huge, but Google has just solved that problem with a new Labs feature that dramatically shortens Maps URLs. The Maps URLs are hosted at Goo.gl, the search engine’s official URL shortener that launched at the end of last year. URL shorteners like goo.gl and bit.ly came into vogue when web users started sharing links on Twitter, which limits messages to 140 characters or less. We typed an address in Manhattan to try the new feature out. With the Short URL feature turned off, our shareable URL for this address was “http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=41+11th+St,+New+York,+NY&sll=40.745612,-74.008065&sspn=0.010794,0.020707&g=41+11th+Avenue,+New+York,+NY&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=41+W+11th+St,+New+York,+10011&ll=40.734925,-73.997099&spn=0.002699,0.005177&t=h&z=18.” Ouch! When we navigated into Labs and checked the box to enable Short URL, it became a simple “http://goo.gl/maps/2cl8.” That’s much better. Labs is a suite of opt-in features for Google products. Since they’re still in testing, they’re not on by default, so you have to look for the Labs link at the top of the Google Maps site to get the list and enable any you want. Google just graduated one of the original Labs features — Aerial Imagery — to standard use. Short URL might also become standard sometime in the future. [via Google Operating System] Reviews: Google, Google Maps, Twitter, bit.ly More About: Google, google labs, Google Maps, labs, maps, url, url shortener For more Tech coverage:
|
| HOW TO: Optimize Your Site for Search Engine Marketing Posted: 11 Jul 2010 01:34 PM PDT   This post originally appeared on the American Express OPEN Forum, where Mashable regularly contributes articles about leveraging social media and technology in small business. For millions of websites, publishers, and online businesses, search is still the king. While social media may have the media’s attention and Twitter and Facebook are garnering a lot of the hype, search still trumps them when it comes to driving traffic and being discovered by potential new customers. Because of the importance of search traffic to online business, there is an entire industry dedicated to improving websites’ visibility in search engine results: Search Engine Marketing (SEM). SEM is a complex topic that focuses on search engine optimization (SEO), but also includes the use of paid advertising and contextual advertisements in order to bring a website’s articles or product pages to the top of search engine result pages (SERPs). While I could write dozens of articles on the art of search engine marketing and SEO, I’m going to focus on some of the key issues and best practices for optimizing your site for search. Defining SEMBefore we dig into search engine marketing, it’s important to note that not everybody agrees on the definition. This has caused confusion among search professionals for years. Essentially, there are two ways of defining SEM: either it is an “umbrella” term that encompasses SEO, paid search, contextual advertisements, and paid inclusions, or it only covers paid advertising, inclusions, and search and is separate from SEO. Organizations such as Forrester Research and the Search Engine Marketing Professionals Organization believe that SEM is an umbrella term that encompasses both SEO and paid search. For the purposes of this article, I’m using that definition. Making Your Website SEM-OptimizedDefining SEM is fine, but what matters is this: what simple things can you do to make your website search-optimized? With help from Chicago-based SEO consultant Carolyn Shelby, currently the Web Experience Manager at the United Way of Metropolitan Chicago , I’ve come up with a short list of tasks that can quickly boost your website for SEM. 1. Familiarize yourself with SEO: The most important component of search engine marketing is making your site easily discoverable in search results, and that requires a basic understanding of SEO. You don’t have to buy a book or take a class on the subject, though: SEOmoz has a fantastic beginner’s guide to SEO that will get you up-to-speed. 2. Grade your website: Hubspot offers a tool called Website Grader, which will provide you with a quick assessment of where your website is optimized for SEM and where it is not. 3. Make the quick fixes: While you could spend months optimizing your website for SEM, make sure to get the little things out of the way first. Focus on what Website Grader says you’re lacking (e.g. meta tags, keywords in your title tags, etc.) and then go from there. 4. Use SEM-optimized CMS software and plugins: Unless you’re a large company with the money and need to customize every aspect of your website, you’re likely using a content management system (CMS) such as WordPress, Drupal, or Zen Cart. The good thing about using one of these tools is that they come optimized for search engines. Do your research: choose software with good SEM features and a plug-in system so you can enhance it. For example, WordPress has the All in One SEO Pack, a great plug-in for optimizing your website. If you run an ecommerce website, Wikipedia has a good comparison of SEO features for different shopping cart software. 5. Test your PPC and landing page strategies: Another major component of search engine marketing is PPC, or Pay Per Click advertising. By putting your ads in search engines, you can drive traffic to your website. Even if you have good SEO and organic search, paid placement still helps. However, that’s only half of the story: you need to convert those visitors into customers or regular users. It’s a smart idea to test which keywords and advertisements drive the most traffic (keep track of the stats), and it’s just as important to track what happens once those visitors arrive. Google offers tools such as Google Analytics to help you track those visitors and see whether they are staying on your site or bouncing away. 6. Inbound links are still king: This quote from my discussion with Carolyn Shelby really stood out to me:
The truth of the matter is that inbound links are still the top way to boost your rankings in search results, so partnering with other websites, asking for links, and creating great content that others want to link to should be your top priority. This Is Just the BeginningThese tips will only help you get started. Search engine marketing is a constant process that requires trial-and-error and self-education. People stay on websites because of great content or great products, but if they can’t find them, it’s essentially useless. I think Carolyn Shelby sums it up perfectly:
Image courtesy of iStockphoto, MacXever Reviews: Drupal, Facebook, Google, Google Analytics, Twitter, Wikipedia, WordPress, iStockphoto, test More About: optimization, Search, search engine, Search Engine Marketing, search engine optimization, SEM, SEO For more Business coverage:
|
| 19 Essential Social Media Resources You May Have Missed Posted: 11 Jul 2010 11:44 AM PDT   We hope the summer’s been good to you so far. Well, not so good that you’re actually going out-of-doors, but good enough that you might squint through faint, refracted sunlight as you fervently scour the web for social media goodness. Allow us to assist you in this quest. Below you’ll find our weekly power-guide to the best social media resources this side of the ‘Net. This edition includes some tips for cleaning up your social media presence, a few key considerations when designing mobile apps, and a look at social’s huge disruption of advertising. Social Media
For more social media news and resources, you can follow Mashable’s social media channel on Twitter and become a fan on Facebook. Tech & Mobile
For more tech news and resources, you can follow Mashable’s tech channel on Twitter and become a fan on Facebook. Business
For more business news and resources, you can follow Mashable’s business channel on Twitter and become a fan on Facebook. [Image Credit: Nitin Garg] Reviews: Facebook, Google, Internet, Mashable, TextMate, Twitter, Windows, YouTube, social media More About: business, facebook, Features Week In Review, List, Lists, Mobile 2.0, small business, social media, tech, twitter, youtube For more Social Media coverage:
|
| 50+ iPad Resources You Might Have Missed Posted: 11 Jul 2010 10:02 AM PDT   Apple’s iPad is the little device that could. Any scepticism about Apple’s tablet technology was largely erased as the iPad took touchscreen technology to a larger, more robust high. We’ve tracked the iPad through its first months in public hands with a slew of features and resources. We’ve here collected some of our best — sometimes bizarre — resources for you to get all caught up. Whether you’re looking for the best business apps, need some decals to trick out your device, or just want to see if your iPad works in space — this collection of more than 50 iPad resources is sure to suit your needs. 
More Apple resources from Mashable:
Reviews: Facebook, Twitter More About: business, cases, decals, destruction, infographic, ipad, resources, trending For more Apple coverage:
|
| You are subscribed to email updates from Mashable! To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now. | Email delivery powered by Google |
| Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610 | |
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar